A continuaci\u00f3n mostramos acabados superficiales de cinco tipos, con sus ventajas e inconvenientes.<\/p>\n
Acabado Tipo #1 \u2013 Soldadura HASL de plomo-esta\u00f1o<\/h2>\n
La soldadura HASL es el acabado m\u00e1s econ\u00f3mico para PCB.<\/p>\n
Esta est\u00e1 generalmente disponible y es muy barata. La l\u00e1mina se introduce en el metal de soldadura fundido, y se nivela con un cuchillo de aire caliente. Tanto si usa componentes de agujero pasante como componentes SMT mayores, da buenos resultados. Si los componentes SMT son menores de 0805 o SOIC, sin embargo, no es id\u00f3neo.<\/p>\n
La superficie no queda totalmente nivelada, lo cual puede causar problemas con componentes peque\u00f1os. La soldadura suele ser de plomo-esta\u00f1o, y por tanto no cumple con la directiva RoHS. Si reducir la cantidad de plomo que usa es importante, puede preferir la soldadura HASL sin plomo.<\/p>\n
Desventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n La soldadura HASL sin plomo is similar a la HASL est\u00e1ndar, con la diferencia obvia de que no emplea plomo-esta\u00f1o.<\/p>\n En su lugar se emplean esta\u00f1o-cobre, esta\u00f1o-n\u00edquel, o esta\u00f1o-cobre-n\u00edquel y germanio, que hacen de la HASL sin plomo una opci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica y conforme a la directiva RoHS. Al igual que la HASL est\u00e1ndar, no es id\u00f3nea para los componentes de menor tama\u00f1o.<\/p>\n Para circuitos con tales componentes, los acabados qu\u00edmicos son una opci\u00f3n mejor. Son algo m\u00e1s caros, pero m\u00e1s adecuados para este fin.<\/p>\n Desventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n Todos los recubrimientos por inmersi\u00f3n emplean un proceso qu\u00edmico.<\/p>\n Se deposita una capa plana de metal sobre las l\u00e1minas de cobre, ideal para instalar componentes peque\u00f1os. El esta\u00f1o es el menos caro de los metales usado en ese procedimiento, pero tiene algunas desventajas.<\/p>\n La principal desventaja es que una vez depositado sobre el cobre, el esta\u00f1o empieza a perder lustre. Por tanto, para evitar soldaduras de menor calidad, hay que soldar antes de 30 d\u00edas.<\/p>\n Si espera un volumen grande de producci\u00f3n esto puede no ser un problema, y si usa grandes remesas de circuitos r\u00e1pidamente, puede evitarse. Si su volumen de producci\u00f3n es peque\u00f1o, en cambio, puede ser mejor la plata qu\u00edmica. Ventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n Desventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n La plata no reacciona con el cobre del mismo modo que el esta\u00f1o, pero s\u00ed pierde lustre si se expone al aire, y debe almacenarse con un empaquetado protector.<\/p>\n Almacenado en las condiciones adecuadas, mantiene la soldabilidad entre 6 y 12 meses, pero una vez retirado el PCB del empaquetado, debe pasar por la soldadura de refusi\u00f3n antes de que pase un d\u00eda. Se puede prolongar la vida de almac\u00e9n recurriendo al oro qu\u00edmico. Ventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n Desventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n Este proceso consiste en aplicar una capa fina de oro sobre revestimiento electrol\u00edtico o n\u00edquel-oro electrol\u00edtico.<\/p>\n Se trata de un acabado resistente y duradero, y con una vida de almac\u00e9n larga, que se mide en a\u00f1os. Su durabilidad y larga vida de almac\u00e9n lo hacen m\u00e1s caro que cualquiera de los acabados mencionados arriba.<\/p>\n Desventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n Recuerde que al escoger el acabado de sus PCBs, debe considerar el tipo de los componentes y el volumen de producci\u00f3n. Deber\u00e1 considerar tambi\u00e9n sus exigencias en materia de durabilidad, impacto ambiental y coste. Teniendo en cuenta todos estos factores, podr\u00e1 estar seguro de elegir la opci\u00f3n correcta.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”3.25″ background_image=”http:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/surface-finished1.jpg” _i=”1″ _address=”1.0.1″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”0″ _address=”1.0.1.0″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_cta title=”Always Ask PCB Manufacturers These 7 Important Questions Before You Work With Them” button_url=”https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/7-preguntas-importantes-para-los-fabricantes-de-pcbs-antes-de-trabajar-con-ellos\/” button_text=”M\u00e1s Informaci\u00f3n” _builder_version=”3.16″ header_font=”|700|||||||” header_font_size=”30″ body_font_size=”18″ use_background_color=”off” custom_margin=”|20px||20px” animation_style=”bounce” header_text_shadow_style=”preset5″ text_shadow_style=”preset5″ _i=”0″ _address=”1.0.1.0.0″ button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”]Evaluating PCB manufacturers requires a lot of groundwork. Over the last 20 years, we’ve seen countless fabrication houses in\u00a0China and have learned the industry inside-out. In this free white paper, we’ve drawn on our experience to create\u00a0a checklist that will help you make your search easier. Escoger acabado superficial es un paso esencial en el dise\u00f1o de sus circuitos impresos. El acabado superficial del PCB protege los circuitos de cobre de la corrosi\u00f3n, y aporta una superficie soldable para los componentes. Hay una serie de factores a considerar, entre ellos: Los componentes que usa El volumen de producci\u00f3n esperado Sus exigencias […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":" Choosing the surface finish is an essential step in the design of your printed circuit boards. The PCB surface finish helps protect copper circuitry from corrosion. It also provides a solderable surface for your components.<\/p> There are a number of factors to consider, including:<\/p> Below are 5 types of PCB surface finishes, along with their benefits and drawbacks.<\/p> \u201cHot Air Solder Leveling\u201d is the least expensive type of PCB surface finish. It is widely available and very economical.<\/p> The board is dipped in molten solder and then leveled off with a hot air knife.<\/p> If you\u2019re using through-hole or larger SMT components, HASL can work well. However, if your board will have SMT components smaller than 0805 or SOIC, it is not ideal. The surface is not completely level, so this can cause issues with small components.<\/p> The solder used is typically Tin-Lead. That means that it isn\u2019t RoHS compliant. And if reducing the amount of lead you use is important, you may want to choose Lead-Free HASL instead.<\/p> Lead-Free HASL is similar to standard HASL, but with an obvious difference\u2026 It doesn\u2019t use Tin-Lead solder.<\/p> Instead, Tin-Copper, Tin-Nickel or Tin-Copper-Nickel Germanium may be used. This makes Lead-Free HASL an economical and RoHS compliant choice. But like standard HASL it is not ideal for smaller components.<\/p> For boards with smaller components, immersion coatings can be a better choice. They are slightly more expensive\u00a0but more suitable for this purpose.<\/p> With immersion coatings, a chemical process is used. A flat layer of metal gets deposited on the copper traces. The flatness of the coating makes it ideal for small components.<\/p> The least expensive type immersion coating is Immersion Tin.<\/p> Although tin is an economical choice, it comes with some drawbacks. The main drawback is that after it is deposited onto the copper it begins to tarnish. That means that if you want to avoid lower quality solder joints, you need to do your soldering within 30 days.<\/p> If you are expecting a high volume of production this may not be an issue. But if you are using large batches of boards quickly, you can avoid tarnishing.<\/p> However, if your production volume isn\u2019t high, it may be better to choose a coating like immersion silver.<\/p> Immersion silver does not react with copper the way that tin does. However, it does tarnish when exposed to air. That means it needs to be stored in anti-tarnish packaging.<\/p> When stored in proper packaging it will still be solderable for 6-12 months.<\/p> But once the PCB is removed from its packaging, it will need to go through solder reflow within a day.<\/p> A higher shelf life can be achieved with gold plating.<\/p> Electro gold flash plating consists of a thin gold plating over electroless or electrolytic nickel.<\/p> This type of plating is hard and durable. It also has a long shelf life, lasting for years. However, it\u2019s durability and shelf life make it more expensive than any of the finishes mentioned above.<\/p> If quality is paramount in your design, this should be your choice.<\/p> Are you looking for a high-quality PCB manufacturer in Asia?<\/p> Gabrian is here to assist you with PCB fabrication<\/a> and PCB assembly<\/a>. Learn more about our production\u00a0capabilities and get a quote for your project.<\/p> \u00a0<\/p> [button link=\"http:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/pcbs\/\" color=\"green\"] Learn More[\/button]<\/p>![\"Surface](\"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/surface-finish-hasl.jpg\")
Ventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
Acabado Tipo #2: HASL sin plomo<\/h2>\n
![\"Surface](\"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/surface-finish-lf-hasl.jpg\")
Ventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
Acabado Tipo #3: Esta\u00f1o qu\u00edmico<\/h2>\n
![\"Surface](\"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/surface-finish-immersion-tin.jpg\")
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
Acabado Tipo #4: Plata qu\u00edmica<\/h2>\n
![\"Surface](\"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/surface-finish-immersion-silver.jpg\")
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
Acabado Tipo #5: Oro electrol\u00edtico (ENIG)<\/h2>\n
![\"Surface](\"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/surface-finish-enig.jpg\")
Ventajas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
Escoja el Acabado Adecuado para Sus PCBs<\/h2>\n
\n[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” _i=”1″ _address=”1.1″ custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_sidebar orientation=”right” area=”et_pb_widget_area_6″ show_border=”off” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ hover_enabled=”0″ _i=”0″ _address=”1.1.0″][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"How do you Choose the Right PCB Surface Finish?<\/h2>
Finish Type #1 \u2013 HASL<\/h2>
Finish Type #2 \u2013 Lead-Free HASL<\/h2>
Finish Type #3 \u2013 Immersion Tin<\/h2>
Finish Type #4 \u2013 Immersion Silver<\/h2>
Finish Type #5 \u2013 Electro Gold Flash Plating<\/h2>
\u00a0<\/h2>
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/pcb_2-150x150.jpg\")
<\/a>Get the PCBs You Need\u00a0for Your Project<\/h2>
","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,76,12,62],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[94],"class_list":["post-12788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gabrian-blog","category-pcb","category-pcbs","category-recursos"],"authors":[{"term_id":94,"user_id":2,"is_guest":0,"slug":"gabrian","display_name":"Gabrian Team","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/191bfd87aac531bc1bcaf11dfd164c73c1998fd3b4cd1aa65d37cf5464e9d899?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","user_url":"http:\/\/www.gabrian.com","last_name":"Team","first_name":"Gabrian","job_title":"","description":"We connect companies in North America and Europe with high-quality manufacturing partners in Asia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12788"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14011,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12788\/revisions\/14011"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12788"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gabrian.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=12788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}